
![]() |
x
The Peruvian Paso Horse The Living Treasure from the Land of the Incas |
![]() |
Ride
in Style
by Heinz Reusser
Only thirty some years ago the first of the worlds most exciting horses were introduced to the United States - the "Caballo Peruano de Paso", the Peruvian Paso Horse. Since then thousands of North American horsemen and horsewomen have begun to rediscover the great pleasures of naturally gaited horses; and horse fanciers throughout the country are turning to the Peruvian Paso horse as the ideal mount for the twentieth century horsemen. Thanks to it's unique four beat lateral gait, the inherited trademark of the breed, the Peruvian horse is the smoothest riding horse in the world today. He is also one of the showiest of all horses because of an inner pride and energy which makes him travel with a style and carriage as if always "on parade". The "termino", a graceful, flowing movement in which the forelegs are rolled to the outside as the horse strides forward is unique to the breed and completely natural. Thanks to a long standing practice of not breeding animals with an unsuitable disposition, the Peruvian horse has one of the world's best temperaments. A long and often intriguing history adds to the excitement of owning a Peruvian horse.
A Long and Proud History
The introduction of the Spanish horse to the
American continent was carried out by the Conquistadors in their quest
to conquer the different native civilizations. The first horses were brought
to the island of Santo Domingo by Christopher Columbus in 1493 to establish
the first breeding operation. The horse raising activities were soon extended
to new colonies in Central America to satisfy the needs of mounted troops
and in a few years it was no longer necessary to import horses from Spain.
For the conquest of Peru in 1532 Francisco Pizarro obtained 25 stallions
and the same number of mares from the Royal stables in Jamaica. According
to his secretary, he left Panama with 37 horses and headed for the northern
coast of Peru. After the arrival of reinforcements from Panama he undertook
his march to Cajamarca, the seat of the Inca government, with only 62 horses.
In the years that followed the fall of the Inca empire, many Spanish settlers
began arriving in Peru, attracted by the fame of it's treasures. The new
settlers also brought with them their horses from Central America. By the
time many large haciendas flourished, their wealthy owners could afford
to improve their stock with the best horses available directly from Spain.
At
the time of the conquest of America this Spanish horse, the classic Andalusian,
was the most outstanding breed of riding horses existing in Europe. This
horse had been developed over many centuries by crossing the Iberian horse,
an old breed of native riding horses, with the Berber (Barb) horse brought
from the mountains of North Africa by the Moorish invaders. In Peru, the
classic Andalusian horse became the foundation for the Peruvian horse,
which has kept most of the characteristics that made the Andalusian so
valuable during the conquest of South America. It is interesting to note
here that the Andalusian horse in Spain has changed through the influence
of other European breeds introduced by foreign Royal Houses that ruled
Spain for two centuries. Four hundred years of selective breeding and the
influence of geographic and climatic conditions in Peru have improved the
harmonious gait, the smooth ride and the gentle disposition that have become
the most outstanding characteristics of the Peruvian Paso horse.
Today's horse was mainly developed to satisfy the need for a smooth and comfortable ride when overseeing plantations and traveling from one settlement to another. The horse has been kept in a more pure state as there was no need to cross with other breeds to produce taller, heavier or faster horses as was the case in other countries such as Mexico, Argentina or the United States. For hundreds of years many generations of breeders in Peru have contributed to keep, maintain and improve this outstanding breed. Now that the interest in the Peruvian horse has extended to many other countries in the world, with great emphasis in the United States, the breed is getting new support to carry it further. Today's breed standard helps to preserve the qualities of the breed and contributes to setting directions for the future.
A
Picture of the Perfect Horse
The Peruvian Paso horse projects an image of
high energy, strength, stamina, grace and beauty. His muscling is well
developed without exaggerations, giving him a refined appearance. The height
is between 14 and 15.2 hands. The head is of medium size with a straight
or slightly concave profile. The muzzle is small with oblong nostrils that
extend easily. He has dark, expressive eyes set well apart and medium length
ears with fine tips curved slightly inwards.
The neck is of medium length with a gracefully arched crest. It is set on high and runs well back into discretely marked withers. The mane and forelock are naturally long and full. The back is short to medium in length, strong and rounded. The shoulder is long and very well inclined with an open angel at the elbow giving the front limbs free and graceful movement. The chest and rib cage are wide, deep and well muscled. The bottom line of the barrel runs nearly horizontal. The loins are medium in length, broad and well muscled, the croup is rounded and moderately sloped. He has a naturally low set tail and carries it as if tightly held between the buttocks. It is full and reaching almost to the ground. The long, muscular forearm is set forward to allow for a long, sloping shoulder. His knees are well defined and flat. The cannon bone is short with well defined sinew. The pastern is of good length and springy with a slope equal to that of the shoulder. The hind leg has a moderately long thigh and gaskin, well muscled, to allow the hind leg to reach well under the horse without placing undue strain on the fetlock joint. The hocks are distinct with prominent tendons, tight skin and with slightly more angle than other light saddle breeds. Again the cannon bone is short and all legs are refined and show adequate perimeter in relation to the size of the body. The hoofs are hard, rounded and of good size with sloping walls. The preferred colors are solid with dark skin, black, bay, brown, chestnut, palomino, grey, roan, buckskin, dun and grulla colors are accepted. Excessive white markings and pink skin are undesirable for breeding animals. He has a uniquely timed lateral four beat gait with lift and termino of the front legs. A description of the fine points of this very unique gait, not seen on any other breed of horses, will be the subject of another editorial article. As the horse increases it's speed he goes from a normal walk into the paso llano, the sobreandando, the pace and finally the canter with smooth transitions between all five gaits. With a beautiful horse bred and trained to these exacting standards both the novice rider and professional can participate in a variety of events and activities.
A Smooth and Exciting Ride
In no other breed is the quality of the horses
ride judged to be as important as in the Peruvian Paso Horse. The owners
continue to insist that the show judges ride the top placing breeding and
performance division horses in order to select the winner. The practice
allows the judge to better select for such characteristics as brio, smoothness
and balance, all traits highly valued in the Peruvian horse. The training
methods and riding style or seat for the Peruvian horse are based on the
traditional Spanish "a la gineta" way of riding. This Iberian style of
horsemanship was used in the battlefield or for work with bulls and cattle
and showed a deep seat with bent knees. Combined with a smooth gaited horse,
this style gives the most luxurious and safe ride. This incomparable ride
has made the Peruvian horse the choice mount for a growing number of Americans.
Riding the Peruvian horse down a sandy riverbed with a group of good friends
and a full picnic basket redefines the term "pleasure riding". When one
can do this with a couple of dynamic show and breeding stallions side by
side with a group of beautifully refined mares the regal character and
noble temperament of these horses becomes evident. If you enjoy leisurely
competition, the Champagne class in one of the many regional shows will
surely fit your style. Riders complete several laps and maneuvers with
a full glass of Champagne in one hand. The competitor completing the class
with the fullest glass is the winner. As the horses are so smooth, even
the rider placed last has enough Champagne left to toast his competitors.
Peruvian horses showing off with the traditional, hand-crafted saddles
and tack are the highlight of many parades throughout the country while
ladies riding sidesaddle dressed in elegant, colorful costumes are a feast
for the local television crew at different equine events. Peruvian horses
in the United States have completed very successfully in competitive trail
and endurance events as tough as the famous Tevis Cup. The same horses
are being used in many programs for physically challenged children and
adults, where the great intelligence and gentle disposition so often found
in all Spanish breeds is imperative. For other dedicated horsemen the Peruvian
horse offers even greater challenges.
A Challenge for a Lifetime
In many countries around the world, knowledgeable
and patient horsemen have found their livesÕ greatest challenge
and satisfaction in the breeding and raising of Peruvian Paso Horses. Few
breeds require the balanced combination of so many, often contradicting
traits and characteristics, to achieve a perfect horse. True brio, one
of the most outstanding characteristics of the Peruvian horse, requires
the horse to be gentle, responsive and willing to work while delivering
an abundance of energy, pride and stamina whenever asked for by the rider.
The horse pushing his nose under the handlers arm and asking to be petted
will often be the "hottest", most exciting competitor when asked to perform.
Another essential trait, the super smooth ride over a wide range of speed,
is hard to achieve when the horse is expected to show spectacular motion
with high lift and termino. It is equally difficult to breed and train
a horse with a high head carriage, a beautifully arched neck and high level
of collection, while at the same time reaching far under the body with
the hind legs and extending in the front to deliver an efficient ride.
The most challenging aspect in the breeding of
Peruvian horses is the requirement that all these traits are to be completely
natural. It is not hard to understand the joy and satisfaction every breeder
of Peruvian horses displays while watching a six day old foal gaiting in
perfect four beat paso llano and carrying his neck and head like a fully
trained show horse. If breeding these horses doesn't challenge you, try
competitive riding in the many open reining or musical exercise classes
now offered at many regional show. The traditional Enfrenadura reining
patterns originate from working with bulls and cattle, requiring an exquisitely
trained horse and a high level of riding skills. The horse is directed
with body weight and leg action and the rider needs great balance and very
light hands on the reins. The horse needs to always be alert for the next
move and show quick reaction with elegance and flexibility. Over the past
years a growing number of Peruvian horse enthusiasts have also discovered
that they can be successful in endurance competitions. The legendary stamina
of the Barb ancestors carries the Peruvian horse over long distances and
the smooth ride certainly makes it easy for the rider to stay in the saddle
for these long and tough rides. The Peruvian horse with his versatility
and unmatched noble temperament will continue to attract many new aficionados.
A Bright Future
Today there are approximately 12,000 pure bred
Peruvian Paso Horses in the United States. Their number has been growing
steadily at a rate close to 10% per year. Over 1500 owners are members
of the two established breed organizations and many participate very actively
in promotional and other social events organized by over 30 regional clubs.
Novice riders and newcomers to the breed find the Peruvian horse easy to
ride and once they have experienced the luxurious ride and exquisite temperament
they find it hard to stay away from these magnificent horses. The "Caballo
Peruano de Paso" is one of Peru's cultural extravaganzas and represents
a living monument to this country's heritage. More dedicated owners and
breeders around the world are discovering this jewel of a horse each year.